世界银行：外国关税作为改革催化剂？潜在的发展收益（英文版）

This note examines the implications of recent trade policy changes for developing countries. After the United States– China bilateral tariffs increased in 2018–19, the exports of a few third countries increased but the development benefits were less significant. The tariffs that were more widely applied starting in 2025 could hurt developing economies, especially in sectors that are more exposed and face higher tariffs. However, the costs of foreign protection would be more than offset if cou