落基山研究所：2025年化肥行业低碳发展系列研究报告：中国化肥减量增效十年之路-摘要（英文版）

Producing nitrogen fertilizers is highly energy and emission intensive, heavily reliant on fossil fuel inputs from coal and natural gas. This makes it one of the most carbon-emitting industrial sectors per unit of product, with carbon intensity surpassing crude steel and cement. Furthermore, when nitrogen fertilizers break down in fields, they release nitrous oxide. This makes croplands a primary human-made source of these emissions, accounting for over one-third of the global total. These dy