牛津经济研究院：2025年引爆点：对欧洲化工行业就业和增长的威胁报告（英文版）

Between 2019 and 2025Q2, the European chemical sector’s output declined significantly. It has contracted by 30% in the UK, 18% in Germany, 12% in France, and 7% in Belgium. Output levels have been hit by reduced price competitiveness due to higher gas and electricity prices than elsewhere, higher environmental and other regulatory costs, and excess global capacity, largely driven by China. • The decline in output levels has led to many firms to close plants which has led to job losses. Annual