WHO世界卫生组织：在2011年卫生账户体系下跟踪自付医疗支出报告（英文版）

Out-of-pocket (OOP) spending by households is a major way of financing health expenditure in many countries, often linking access to care with the ability to pay. This document supports efforts to improve the estimation of OOP spending within countries’ health accounts (HA), recognizing its importance for understanding health financing patterns and assessing progress toward Universal Health Coverage (UHC).It introduces the concept of OOP as defined in the System of Health Accounts 2011 (SHA 2