国际清算银行：跨境支付技术：创新与挑战（英文版）

Cross-border payments (XBP), particularly remittances and retail transactions, remain more costly, slower, less accessible, and less transparent than domestic payments. The continued inefficient XBP arrangements, in contrast to progress made in domestic payments using new technologies and innovative models, reflect that private actors alone cannot overcome the many market failures that hinder XBP. The most binding constraint concerns the limited interoperability which relates to the multi-sided