国际劳工组织（ILO）：外国直接投资、全球价值链和劳动力市场（英文版）

Foreign direct investment and the activities of multinational enterprises play an essential role in shaping employment outcomes, particularly in developing and emerging economies. With globalization and the expansion of global value chains, understanding how FDI influences labour markets has become increasingly relevant. This paper quantifies the global employment supported by foreign affiliates, examining both direct and indirect effects across regions and sectors. Our estimates suggest that