世界银行：2025年新视角：中东和北非海水淡化的新问题和机遇报告（英文版）

The Middle East and North Africa region faces some of the world’s most acute water shortages. The region accounts for over half of the countries experiencing absolute water scarcity, distributed across the income level spectrum (figure ES.1). This crisis is intensified by overuse of groundwater, declining water quality, and rising demand driven by population growth and economic development. Climate change exacerbates these challenges, causing unpredictable weather patterns and reducing freshw