世界自然保护联盟IUCN：2025年受保护和保留区域生态系统恢复监测的机遇与挑战报告（英文版）

Monitoring the restoration of ecosystems remains challenging (Dudley et al., 2018; Stanturf, 2021; Eger et al., 2022; Mansourian & Stephenson, 2023). Restoration monitoring has often placed too much emphasis on quantitative measures that highlight outputs (e.g., number of seedlings planted; number of people participating in planting), rather than impacts and outcomes (e.g., improvements in habitat quality, ecosystem services and human wellbeing), even though such measures are possible (Ma