未来能源研究所：2026年支撑矿产供应链：结构约束、政策工具和研究差距报告（英文版）

Critical minerals, such as lithium, nickel, graphite, and rare earth elements, are vital components of defense, energy, and transportation technologies. As demand for these technologies and their minerals grows, the geographic reality of where they are extracted, processed, and manufactured has drawn increasing attention. Though the United States has some mineral reserves and strategic industrial policies for certain base metals, its participation in the mineral supply chain has declined over