联合国西亚经济社会委员会：2025年阿拉伯国家的社会支出、支出效率和财政可持续性报告（英文版）

The Arab region is highly vulnerable to overlapping global and regional shocks. Economic and other crises have magnified long-standing inequalities. Poverty has increased in both lower-middle and upper-middle income countries. At a moment of global realignments, however, the region, even with many challenges, faces opportunities to rethink and adjust. Foremost among these is the deployment of fiscal policy as a core tool to accelerate more robust, inclusive development. Used well, fiscal poli