ADB亚洲开发银行：多背景儿童贫困的长期结果：来自印度尼西亚长期小组数据的证据（英文版）

Which poverty context matters for long-term outcomes—family or community, economic or social? We construct a measure of poverty along these dimensions and analyze individual-level longitudinal data spanning 21 years in Indonesia to examine the long-term outcomes associated with different types of deprivation experienced in childhood. We find that adverse outcomes in adulthood are associated not only with growing up in a poor family but also in a poor community. Family poverty generally has a