国际货币基金组织：阿鲁巴的海平面上升与气候适应（英文版）

Sea-level rise presents long-term risks in Aruba that can lead to sizable permanent costs with potentially large macroeconomic and fiscal consequences. Aruba cannot control global sea-level, but it can manage how it affects the country by adapting. Using the state-of-the-art model CIAM, IMF Staff estimates finds that planned coastline protection—in the form of dykes, revetment, floodgates, costal dunes, etc.—can reduce losses by approximately 40 percent by avoiding permanent inundation of lan