世界银行：利用价格激励来限制按需付费太阳能发电的福利（英文版）

Non-price barriers suppress demand at the adoption margin, complicating efforts to quantify the welfare effects of rural electrification. This paper studies demand for pay-as-you-go (PAYGo) solar electricity using a randomized experiment with 800 existing PAYGo customers in Kenya and Rwanda post-adoption. The experiment randomly assigns incentives that lower the effective price of usage for consumers who meet monthly purchase thresholds. Although average demand is unchanged, consumers with th