国际教育成就评价协会（IEA）：TIMSS 2023年国际数据库用户指南报告（英文版）

The TIMSS 2023 International Database makes the data collected and analyzed by the TIMSS 2023 project available to researchers, analysts, and other users to support and promote secondary analysis aimed at improving mathematics and science education at the fourth- and eighth-grade levels. Across participating countries and benchmarking systems, the database includes response records for over 359,000 fourth-grade students within more than 12,000 schools and nearly 300,000 eighth-grade students