联合国贸易发展委员会：全球贸易更新（2026年5月）

After years of decline, tariffs re-emerged. In 2025, global tariffs on exports rose significantly – by 10 per cent for developed, 16 per cent for developing and 18 per cent for least-developed countries. Despite rising tariffs, non-tariff measures (NTMs) impose higher costs on exports for 88 per cent of countries (figure 1). This burden falls most heavily on smaller developing countries and LDCs, for which NTM-related export costs are particularly high.