WIPO世界知识产权组织：2024年各就各位！：商标竞赛及其对产品介绍的影响报告（英文版）

The supply of competitively-effective trademarks is limited, leading different firms to often attempt to register the same or very similar marks for the same types of products. If two or more firms do so while intending to introduce new products into commerce, the result is a “trademark race,” where priority is determined by the firm that files first. We analyze the impact of such races for trademark protection on product-market outcomes. We show that races are more likely to occur for compet