SpringBoot系列之i18n集成教程
目录
SpringBoot系统之i18n国际化语言集成教程
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1、环境搭建
本博客介绍一下SpringBoot集成i18n,实现系统语言国际化处理,ok,先创建一个SpringBoot项目,
环境准备:
IntelliJ IDEA
Maven
项目集成:
Thymeleaf(模板引擎,也可以选jsp或者freemark)
SpringBoot2.2.1.RELEASE
2、resource bundle资源配置
ok,要实现国际化语言,先要创建resource bundle文件:
在resources文件夹下面创建一个i18n的文件夹,其中:
messages.properties是默认的配置
messages_zh_CN.properties是(中文/中国)
messages_en_US.properties是(英文/美国)
etc.
IDEA工具就提供了很简便的自动配置功能,如图,只要点击新增按钮,手动输入,各配置文件都会自动生成属性
messages.properties:
messages.loginBtnName=登录~ messages.password=密码~ messages.rememberMe=记住我~ messages.tip=请登录~ messages.username=用户名~
messages_zh_CN.properties:
messages.loginBtnName=登录 messages.password=密码 messages.rememberMe=记住我 messages.tip=请登录 messages.username=用户名
messages_en_US.properties:
messages.loginBtnName=login messages.password=password messages.rememberMe=Remember me messages.tip=Please login in messages.username=userName
在项目的application.properties修改默认配置,让SpringBoot的自动配置能读取到resource bundle资源文件
## 配置i18n # 默认是i18n(中文/中国) spring.mvc.locale=zh_CN # 配置resource bundle资源文件的前缀名eg:i18n是文件夹名,messages是资源文件名,支持的符号有.号或者/ spring.messages.basename=i18n.messages # 设置缓存时间,2.2.1是s为单位,之前版本才是毫秒 spring.messages.cache-duration=1 # 设置资源文件编码格式为utf8 spring.messages.encoding=utf-8
注意要点:
spring.messages.basename必须配置,否则SpringBoot的自动配置将失效
MessageSourceAutoConfiguration.ResourceBundleCondition 源码:
protected static class ResourceBundleCondition extends SpringBootCondition { //定义一个map缓存池 private static ConcurrentReferenceHashMap<String, ConditionOutcome> cache = new ConcurrentReferenceHashMap<>(); @Override public ConditionOutcome getMatchOutcome(ConditionContext context, AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata) { String basename = context.getEnvironment().getProperty("spring.messages.basename", "messages"); ConditionOutcome outcome = cache.get(basename);//缓存拿得到,直接从缓存池读取 if (outcome == null) {//缓存拿不到,重新读取 outcome = getMatchOutcomeForBasename(context, basename); cache.put(basename, outcome); } return outcome; } private ConditionOutcome getMatchOutcomeForBasename(ConditionContext context, String basename) { ConditionMessage.Builder message = ConditionMessage.forCondition("ResourceBundle"); for (String name : StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(StringUtils.trimAllWhitespace(basename))) { for (Resource resource : getResources(context.getClassLoader(), name)) { if (resource.exists()) { //匹配resource bundle资源 return ConditionOutcome.match(message.found("bundle").items(resource)); } } } return ConditionOutcome.noMatch(message.didNotFind("bundle with basename " + basename).atAll()); } //解析资源文件 private Resource[] getResources(ClassLoader classLoader, String name) { String target = name.replace('.', '/');//spring.messages.basename参数值的点号换成斜杆 try { return new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver(classLoader) .getResources("classpath*:" + target + ".properties"); } catch (Exception ex) { return NO_RESOURCES; } } }
cache-duration在2.2.1版本,指定的是s为单位,找到SpringBoot的MessageSourceAutoConfiguration自动配置类
3、LocaleResolver类
SpringBoot默认采用AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver类作为默认LocaleResolver,LocaleResolver类的作用就是作为i18n的分析器,获取对应的i18n配置,当然也可以自定义LocaleResolver类
import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.lang.Nullable; import org.springframework.util.StringUtils; import org.springframework.web.servlet.LocaleResolver; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.util.Locale; /** * <pre> * 自定义LocaleResolver类 * </pre> * @author nicky * <pre> * 修改记录 * 修改后版本: 修改人: 修改日期: 2019年11月23日 修改内容: * </pre> */ public class CustomLocalResolver implements LocaleResolver { Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass()); @Nullable private Locale defaultLocale; public void setDefaultLocale(@Nullable Locale defaultLocale) { this.defaultLocale = defaultLocale; } @Nullable public Locale getDefaultLocale() { return this.defaultLocale; } @Override public Locale resolveLocale(HttpServletRequest request) { Locale defaultLocale = this.getDefaultLocale();//获取application.properties默认的配置 if(defaultLocale != null && request.getHeader("Accept-Language") == null) { return defaultLocale;//http请求头没获取到Accept-Language才采用默认配置 } else {//request.getHeader("Accept-Language")获取得到的情况 Locale requestLocale = request.getLocale();//获取request.getHeader("Accept-Language")的值 String localeFlag = request.getParameter("locale");//从URL获取的locale值 //LOG.info("localeFlag:{}",localeFlag); //url链接有传locale参数的情况,eg:zh_CN if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(localeFlag)) { String[] split = localeFlag.split("_"); requestLocale = new Locale(split[0], split[1]); } //没传的情况,默认返回request.getHeader("Accept-Language")的值 return requestLocale; } } @Override public void setLocale(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Locale locale) { } }
4、I18n配置类
I18n还是要继承WebMvcConfigurer,注意,2.2.1版本才是实现接口就可以,之前1.+版本是要实现WebMvcConfigurerAdapter适配器类的
import com.example.springboot.i18n.component.CustomLocalResolver; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcProperties; import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.web.servlet.LocaleResolver; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ViewControllerRegistry; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer; import org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.LocaleChangeInterceptor; /** * <pre> * I18nConfig配置类 * </pre> * <p> * <pre> * @author nicky.ma * 修改记录 * 修改后版本: 修改人: 修改日期: 2019/11/24 11:15 修改内容: * </pre> */ //Configuration必须加上,不然不能加载到Spring容器 @Configuration //使WebMvcProperties配置类可用,这个可以不加上,本博客例子才用 @EnableConfigurationProperties({ WebMvcProperties.class}) public class I18nConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer{ //装载WebMvcProperties 属性 @Autowired WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties; /** * 定义SessionLocaleResolver * @Author nicky.ma * @Date 2019/11/24 13:52 * @return org.springframework.web.servlet.LocaleResolver */ // @Bean // public LocaleResolver localeResolver() { // SessionLocaleResolver sessionLocaleResolver = new SessionLocaleResolver(); // // set default locale // sessionLocaleResolver.setDefaultLocale(Locale.US); // return sessionLocaleResolver; // } /** * 定义CookieLocaleResolver * @Author nicky.ma * @Date 2019/11/24 13:51 * @return org.springframework.web.servlet.LocaleResolver */ // @Bean // public LocaleResolver localeResolver() { // CookieLocaleResolver cookieLocaleResolver = new CookieLocaleResolver(); // cookieLocaleResolver.setCookieName("Language"); // cookieLocaleResolver.setCookieMaxAge(1000); // return cookieLocaleResolver; // } /** * 自定义LocalResolver * @Author nicky.ma * @Date 2019/11/24 13:45 * @return org.springframework.web.servlet.LocaleResolver */ @Bean public LocaleResolver localeResolver(){ CustomLocalResolver localResolver = new CustomLocalResolver(); localResolver.setDefaultLocale(webMvcProperties.getLocale()); return localResolver; } /** * 定义localeChangeInterceptor * @Author nicky.ma * @Date 2019/11/24 13:45 * @return org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.LocaleChangeInterceptor */ @Bean public LocaleChangeInterceptor localeChangeInterceptor(){ LocaleChangeInterceptor localeChangeInterceptor = new LocaleChangeInterceptor(); //默认的请求参数为locale,eg: login?locale=zh_CN localeChangeInterceptor.setParamName(LocaleChangeInterceptor.DEFAULT_PARAM_NAME); return localeChangeInterceptor; } /** * 注册拦截器 * @Author nicky.ma * @Date 2019/11/24 13:47 * @Param [registry] * @return void */ @Override public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) { registry.addInterceptor(localeChangeInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**"); } }
注意要点:
旧版代码可以不加LocaleChangeInterceptor 拦截器,2.2.1版本必须通过拦截器
如下代码,bean的方法名必须为localeResolver,否则会报错
@Bean public LocaleResolver localeResolver(){ CustomLocalResolver localResolver = new CustomLocalResolver(); localResolver.setDefaultLocale(webMvcProperties.getLocale()); return localResolver; }
原理:
跟一下源码,点进LocaleChangeInterceptor类
DispatcherServlet是Spring一个很重要的分发器类,在DispatcherServlet的一个init方法里找到这个LocaleResolver的init方法
这个IOC获取的bean类名固定为localeResolver,写例子的时候,我就因为改了bean类名,导致一直报错,跟了源码才知道Bean类名要固定为localeResolver
抛异常的时候,也是会获取默认的LocaleResolver的
找到资源文件,确认,还是默认为AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver
配置了locale属性的时候,还是选用AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver作为默认的LocaleResolver
spring.mvc.locale=zh_CN
WebMvcAutoConfiguration.localeResolver方法源码,ConditionalOnMissingBean主键的意思是LocaleResolver没有自定义的时候,才作用,ConditionalOnProperty的意思,有配了属性才走这里的逻辑
拦截器拦截的请求参数默认为locale,要使用其它参数,必须通过拦截器设置 ,eg:
localeChangeInterceptor.setParamName("lang");
LocalResolver种类有:CookieLocaleResolver(Cookie)、SessionLocaleResolver(会话)、FixedLocaleResolver、AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver(默认)、.etc
5、Thymeleaf集成
本博客的模板引擎采用Thymeleaf的,所以新增项目时候就要加上maven相关依赖,没有的话,自己加上:
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency>
ok,然后去找个bootstrap的登录页面,本博客已尚硅谷老师的例子为例,进行拓展,引入静态资源文件:
Thymeleaf的i18n支持是采用#符号的
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <meta name="description" content=""> <meta name="author" content=""> <title>SpringBoot i18n example</title> <!-- Bootstrap core CSS --> <link href="asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css" th:href="@{asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css}" rel="stylesheet"> <!-- Custom styles for this template --> <link href="asserts/css/signin.css" th:href="@{asserts/css/signin.css}" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body class="text-center"> <form class="form-signin" action="dashboard.html"> <img class="mb-4" th:src="@{asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg}" alt="" width="72" height="72"> <h1 class="h3 mb-3 font-weight-normal" th:text="#{messages.tip}">Please sign in</h1> <label class="sr-only" th:text="#{messages.username}">Username</label> <input type="text" class="form-control" th:placeholder="#{messages.username}" required="" autofocus=""> <label class="sr-only" th:text="#{messages.password} ">Password</label> <input type="password" class="form-control" th:placeholder="#{messages.password}" required=""> <div class="checkbox mb-3"> <label> <input type="checkbox" value="remember-me" > [[#{messages.rememberMe}]] </label> </div> <button class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type="submit" th:text="#{messages.loginBtnName}">Sign in</button> <p class="mt-5 mb-3 text-muted">© 2019</p> <a class="btn btn-sm" th:href="@{/login(locale='zh_CN')} ">中文</a> <a class="btn btn-sm" th:href="@{/login(locale='en_US')} ">English</a> </form> </body> </html>
切换中文网页:
切换英文网页:
当然不点链接传locale的方式也是可以自动切换的,浏览器设置语言:
原理localeResolver类会获取Accept language参数
附录:
logging manual:SpringBoot官方手册
example source:例子代码下载链接