CSET：2025年在研究中使用开放模型报告（英文版）

There is widespread consensus that open and freely available AI models benefit research. Yet there is a lack of empirical evidence detailing how this relationship manifests. This report aims to fill this gap by investigating the use of open large language models (LLMs) in published research, overviewing what organizations and countries use them most frequently, and considering their wider impact on research. To this end, we identify and analyze more than 250 publications that use open models