IEA国际能源署：2025年工业可再生能源-低温热和蒸汽的电气化报告（英文版）

A broad range of industries that depend primarily on low-temperature heat and steam processes represent roughly 70% of global industrial energy consumption. They span diverse manufacturing activities – from food and beverages to textiles, chemicals, transport equipment, wood products and paper. In 2023, these sectors emitted nearly 3 Gt of direct energy-related CO₂, accounting for half of all direct industrial emissions, although emissions have declined by around 8% since 2013.Industrial ener