麦肯锡：2026年智能体机器人与人类AI如何重塑欧洲的工作与技能研究报告（英文版）

Europe’s mix of physical and nonphysical work shapes its automation pathway Work comprises both physical and nonphysical activities. This mix varies significantly by sector, occupation, and region, influencing both the type and pace of automation. Roughly two-thirds of total work hours in the ten European countries studied involve nonphysical activities, including information processing, analysis, and coordination (Exhibit 2). These are concentrated in occupations such as office and admi