欧洲培训基金会ETF：2025年摩尔多瓦教育、培训和就业的主要政策进展报告（英文版）

Country profile and developments: Moldova, with 2.46 million people in 2023, is experiencing rapid demographic decline due to high emigration – almost 30 % live abroad. This has caused labour shortages, rural depopulation, and population ageing. The working-age population has declined since 2008; the dependency ratio is high, and the population could decline by a third by 2050. Economic growth was 0.8 % in 2023, but inflation (13.4 %) reduced real incomes. GDP per capita (PPP) reached USD 17