ITIF：2026年为成果付费：将大学资金与商业成果挂钩报告（英文版）

Canada performs strongly on university research but weakly on converting that research into firms and output.  The university commercialization problem is mainly an incentives problem, not a research quality problem. Universities are funded on inputs, so commercialization remains peripheral.  Canadian universities produce strong research, but it is often not aligned with national needs and the system does not push them to connect that work to areas where Canada has, or is trying to build, i