兰德：2026年争取时间延缓AI扩散研究报告：受控准入的经济学分析（英文版）

Much of today’s policy debate over artificial intelligence (AI) revolves around instruments designed to change the costs of access to AI. Restrictions on open-weight releases and liability rules raise the cost of operating inside governed, monitored channels. Enforcement against model theft and illicit deployment raises the cost of operating outside them. Subsidies for bounded, safety-constrained systems lower the cost of governed alternatives. Each of these policy options attempts to shift (