Portulans Institute波图兰研究所：2025年中国关键技术激增：一个有争议的崛起报告（英文版）

This report examines China's remarkable ascent in frontier innovation across artificial intelligence, semiconductors, and quantum computing, demonstrating how the world's second-largest economy is rapidly closing the technological gap with the United States. While the US maintains overall leadership, China has achieved significant progress and even parity in key subfields of these three critical technologies. However, this ascent is contested and fraught with challenges. China's s