麦肯锡：2025年破解欧洲8000亿欧元国防难题：驱动国防转型的五大关键引擎研究报告（英文版）

the commitment to increase defense spending to 3.5 percent of GDP by 2035, amounting to over €1 trillion, underscores the scale of this endeavor. This white paper draws a parallel to the Gordian knot, emphasizing the need for bold and decisive actions to cut through the complexities and deliver effective solutions. Key data highlights include the projected increase in defense spending from 2.4 percent of GDP today to 2.9 percent by 2030, reaching approximately €800 billion, and the potential cre