联想：2025年本地部署VS云部署：生成式AI总拥有成本（TCO）比较白皮书（英文版）

In recent years, Generative AI, including Large Language Models (LLMs) and vision models, has emerged as a transformative technology in artificial intelligence, driving innovation across industries. However, deploying these models—whether for training, fine-tuning, or inference—poses significant computational challenges. The scale of data in GenAI is staggering. Models like Llama 3.1, trained on over 15 trillion tokens using a custom-built GPU cluster with 39.3 million GPU hours, illustrate t