世界银行：资本缺失的一半-为欧洲和中亚的女性主导企业解锁融资（英文版）

This paper analyzes why women-owned and led small and medium-sized enterprises in Europe and Central Asia face persistent financing gaps and discusses ways to reduce them. Using a journey-mapping framework, the paper identifies 49 barriers faced by women-entrepreneurs in accessing debt and equity finance across three domains: demandside frictions, supply-side frictions, and ecosystem-level constraints. Drawing on available evidence, the paper documents the presence of 13 barriers in Europe an