世界经济论坛：2025年航空地面作业脱碳：机场摆渡车替代技术白皮书（英文版）

This paper explores the techno-economic feasibility of replacing fossil-fuelled airport buses with alternative low-emission technologies such as retrofitted diesel-to-electric, battery-electric and hydrogen buses. The aim is to provide actionable insights for airports seeking to decarbonize ground operations and improve local air quality. Using a robust total cost of ownership (TCO) model – validated through industry research and stakeholder interviews – the analysis explores how capital, ope