Rand兰德：2026年在空间中导航二元性建立对两用空间活动的基本理解报告（英文版）

Space systems increasingly provide civilian services, such as communications, navigation, and environmental monitoring, while also supporting military and intelligence functions. Th is inherent duality, in which the same satellite can serve peaceful and militaristic roles, could make satellite activities difficult for governments, militaries, and commercial operators to interpret. As a result, these observers could misread potentially benign behaviors as threatening. Misinterpretations could