世界银行：2026年中东和北非的人类发展支出趋势报告（英文版）

To achieve better outcomes in human development (HD), Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries encounter numerous fiscal risks and challenges. Across MENA, economic growth prospects have become more volatile due to successive shocks and the fiscal environment. Natural disasters have inflicted financial damages of approximately $2 billion annually on MENA.1 Between 2011 and 2015, conflict cost Libya, Tunisia, Syria, Yemen, and the Arab Republic of Egypt the equivalent of 19 percent of the