Rand兰德：2024环境监测在应对大流行中的价值报告（英文版）

Environmental sampling surveillance (ESS) technologies can be used during disease outbreaks as early warning systems, informing public health decisions and saving lives. However, such systems can be costly and complicated to harness for decision-making, so it is important to identify when and how to employ ESS systems to maximize their benefits. This paper simulates a COVID-19-like pandemic to quantify the net-benefits of ESS systems through better-targeted nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs)