世界自然保护联盟IUCN：2026年恒河恢复作为全球生物多样性框架（GBF）的途径：来自印度“清洁恒河”旗舰计划的见解报告（英文版）

The Ganga Basin spans 1.08 million km², sustains 500–520 million people and is among the world’s most densely populated and culturally significant river systems (Bandyopadhyay 2024). Ecologically, it supports 25,000+ species (Bandyopadhyay 2024), yet decades of industrialization, untreated sewage (>75% in many towns; Lee et al. 2024), hydrological modification including water diversions (60% abstraction; Shah et al. 2018), agricultural intensification, groundwater decline (10 cm/yr; Ghosh 202