国际教育成就评价协会（IEA）：2026年女孩失去优势：数学性别差距的扩大报告（英文版）

Using data from education systems1 that took part in the TIMSS (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study) assessments from 1995 to 2023 at fourth and eighth grade, this brief investigates how gender gaps in mathematics achievement have evolved over time. It considers gender gaps at both ends of the achievement scale, looking at high and low performing students. Our findings show that, while gender gaps in mathematics achievement have long been recognized, TIMSS 2023 reveals a not