ITIF：2026年解释美国汽车工业相对竞争力的下降报告（英文版）

There are several causal factors behind U.S. auto industry decline, including risk aversion, product life cycle dynamics, structural changes in production processes from flexible to dispersed parallel systems, and management use of relational contracts.  While all these factors contributed, the central issue driving the industry’s relative decline in the late 20th century was that it took 10 to 15 years for the Big Three to learn, adopt, and implement the lean production techniques mastered