国际货币基金组织：2025年巴布亚新几内亚：根据扩展基金机制下的扩展安排和扩展信贷机制下的安排进行的第五次审查报告（英文版）

Papua New Guinea (PNG) is a fragile state with acute development needs, unstable social and political environment, and limited capacity. In the past decade, it faced multiple shocks, including natural disasters, that adversely affected growth, contributed to a sharp increase in public debt, and led to significant shortages of foreign exchange. To rebuild policy buffers and address the country’s long-standing structural challenges, the authorities have steadily implemented a multipronged refor