国际清洁交通委员会：2020‑2025年德国纯电动与内燃机汽车价格及市场趋势报告（英文版）

Meanwhile, the median nominal price of internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) increased by 15%, from €41,000 in 2020 to €46,000 in 2025. Controlling for the same vehicle factors, nominal ICEV model prices increased by about 24% over the same period. Adjusting for inflation, median BEV prices decreased by about 18%, while ICEV prices increased by about 2%. Global average nominal battery costs decreased by about 21%–24% from 2020 to 2025, from about €165–€185/kWh to about €130–€140/kWh. Fi