WHO世界卫生组织：2025年欧洲空气污染健康风险：HRAPIE-2项目报告（英文版）

Air pollution remains the leading environmental health risk both regionally and globally, contributing to reduced life expectancy and a wide range of noncommunicable diseases. Health risk assessment is a critical tool for quantifying the effects of air pollution and informing evidence-informed clean air and climate change mitigation policies. This document updates the 2013 Health risks of air pollution in Europe report and provides up-to-date guidance on concentration–response functions and a