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电动汽车的冷却系统通过热传导原理,利用冷却液在系统中循环,确保电池组、前逆变器(PEU-F)、后逆变器(PEU-R)、驱动电机以及高压直流变换集成件等关键部件维持在适宜的工作温度范围内。如图1所示,蔚来ET5的冷却系统由多个关键组件构成,包括智能膨胀水壶总成负责调节冷却液压力,低温散热器总成用于散发热量,冷却风扇总成通过增加空气流动帮助散热,冷却液温度传感器监测温度变化,冷却液水管和冷却水泵确保冷却液循环,五通阀控制冷却液流向,以及电池冷却器维持电池在适宜温度
The Sustainability Framework of the International Finance Corporation (IFC) is the cornerstone of the World Bank Group’s approach to managing environmental and social (E&S) risks in private sector operations. It defines the E&S responsibil...
Natural gas and LNG entered 2026 from a position of strength. Global natural gas demand reached a record 4,202 bcm in 2025, increasing by 69 bcm (1.7%) year-on-year. Supply and LNG net imports also rose to record levels, increasing to 4,147 bc...
Social Security—the largest single program in the federal budget—has two components. Old-Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI) provides benefits to retired workers, their eligible dependents, and some survivors of deceased workers. Disability Insuran...
COP17 marks a pivotal moment for global biodiversity action. It will be the first global review of collective progress under the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, at a time when biodiversity loss, ecosystem degradation and nature-rel...
Korea's economy is projected to expand 3.3% this year (+0.7 percentage points (pp)
from the May forecast), as the semiconductor boom and its spillover effects more
than offset ongoing uncertainty surrounding the Middle East situati...
As the semiconductor industry sustains an unprecedented boom, expectations for its broader economic spillover effects are also rising. Indeed, Gross Domestic Income (GDI) has recorded high double-digit growth, driven by improved terms of trade ami...
今年第一季度的大部分增长源于同期美元走弱,尤其是对欧元的弱势。以美元计,季度全球T&D产品销售额同比增长9%,但以当地货币计算,仅增长3%。持续涨价也是因素之一。受能源、燃料和零部件(尤其是存储芯片)价格飙升影响,制造商面临投入成本上升,导致产品价格涨幅超过通胀率。这意味着当前T&D销售额增长并非完全源于消费者选择更高端产品。